Yucatecan Spanish

The Spanish conquerors found strong resistance in the land of the Maya, a resistance that can be felt even today. Language, as a cultural expression, is a sample of this.

For visitors to the Yucatan, it is quite common for them to hear a different Spanish as they travel throughout the area, to hear people from the rural zones speaking a different Spanish: they are speaking Mayan. At the same time, it is felt that the Spanish spoken in this area presents obvious peculiarities due to the influence of this ethnic language. It is from here that we get Yucatecan Spanish.

Its Origens

In the Yucatanense Encyclopedia, Professor Alfredo Barrera Vasquez writes that it is possible that the first sound to be introduced by the conquerors was k’u, which was transformed into cu and was used to designate the indigenous temples of the New Spain.

He also mentions that the first geographical name, Catoche, came from a Mayan expression. The name Cabo Catoche (the northeastern tip of the Yucatan peninsula), came about when on May 5th, 1517, the Mayan invited Hernandez de Cordova to get off his ship and come to land. They said ko’ne ex kotoch which means let’s go to our houses.

The Investigation of the Mayan Language of Yucatan, written by the above mentioned author, tells in details that the first Europeans to speak Maya were Jeronimo de Aguilar and Gonzalo Guerrero. Both were survivors first of a shipwreck and then of this run-ins with the Maya upon their arrival.

Jeronimo de Aguilar remained single and did not mingle much in the daily life of the Maya, although he did help them. Later on in life he returned to the heart of his culture, society and religion in Spain.

On the other hand, Gonzalo Guerrero joined the Mayan community by marrying and having children, the first mestizos. At the same time he denied his upbringing and Spanish culture by joining the Maya in defending his new country, his patrimony and his family. There is a statue of Gonzalo Guerrero in the neighbor named after him. The statue is located at the intersection by Sam’s Club in the north part of town. The neighborhood named after him is between the Pemex station across the street from Sam’s Club and Gran Plaza. He is remembered as being a defender of the Maya.

Flag of the Yucatan State

Yucatecan Spanish

The Mayan language was basic in the conquest with all the translating that went on with la Malinche who spoke Nahua and Maya, Jeronimo de Aguilar who spoke Spanish and Maya and Cortes who spoke Spanish and Maya. Cortez translated Spanish to Maya so that la Malinche could translate Maya to Nahua and vice versa.

In the thesis presented by the investigator Miriam Beatriz Rios Meneses to receive her BA in Mayan Philology, she also dealt with this topic. Her thesis was published by the University of Yucatan Magazine.

She wrote that the Spanish spoken in the state of Yucatan has a marked influence from the Yucatecan Mayan, not only obvious in morphology and syntax, but also in sound, due to the existing differences between both languages.

She also comments that this can be clearly heard when you hear a dialog between two Spanish speaking people and one is Yucatecan and the other not. You will note that the Yucatecan has to make more of an effect to speak and that they tend to lengthen the pronunciation of the accented vowels, and to change the typical intonation of Spanish. It is said that the Yucatecan speaks aporreado – or beaten.
           
According to statistics from 2005, 37.2% of the Yucatecan population speaks Maya. In comparison to other states that have large indigenous populations, the percentage of people in the Yucatan that speak their native indigenous tongue is much higher than in other states of Mexico that have larger indigenous populations.

And it is quite interesting to hear how the non-Maya Yucatecan people use many Mayan words in their every day talk. Of the 1,818,948 inhabitants in the state (2005), a large proportion, without even knowing it, use Mayan phrases, words and grammatical construction in their Spanish that has been influenced by the Yucatan Maya.

To read in Spanish click here

Text: Yurina Fernandez Noa
Email: yfn1990@hotmail.com